expert witness,DUI,toxicology,pharmacology,expert witness testimony,litigation support  
Published Articles
 
(In Reverse Chronological Order)
Home PageMy Background SearchContact MePatentsPublicationsPositions HeldFaculty AppointmentsSocietiesEducationLinksLitigationPresentationsPrivacy Policy/HIPPAForensic ServicesWhy Use IDDC?

  1.      Dajani EZ: Studies on the toxicology and central nervous system pharmacology of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats and mice.  Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Purdue University, 1968.

 

  2.      Dajani EZ, Driskill DR, Bianchi RG, Collins PW: Comparative gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effects of Prostaglandin E1 and its methyl ester in animals. Prostaglandins 10:205-216, 1975.

 

  3.      Dajani EZ, Driskill DR, Bianchi RG, Collins PW, Pappo R: Influence of the position of the side chain hydroxy group on the gastric antisecretory and anti-ulcer actions of E1 prostaglandin analogs.  Prostaglandins 10:733-745, 1975.

 

  4.      Sanvordeker DR, Dajani EZ: In vitro adsorption of diphenoxylate hydrochloride on activated charcoal and its relationship to pharmacological effects of the drug in vivo. J Pharm Sci 64:1877-1879, 1975.

 

  5.      Dajani EZ, Roge EAW, Bertermann RE: Effects of E-prostaglandins, diphenoxylate and morphine on intestinal motility in vivo.  Europ J Pharmacol 34:105-113, 1975.

 

  6.      Collins PW, Dajani EZ, Bruhn MS, Brown CH, Palmer JR, Pappo R: Influence of the position of the side chain hydroxyl group on the biological properties of prostaglandins.  Tetrahedron Letters 48:4217-4220, 1975.

 

  7.      Bruhn M, Brown CH, Collins PW, Palmer JR, Dajani EZ, Pappo R: Synthesis and properties of 16-hydroxy analogs of PGE2.  Tetrahedron Letters 4:235-238, 1976.

 

  8.      Dajani EZ, Callison DA, Bianchi RG, Driskill DR: Gastric antisecretory effects of E-prostaglandins in rhesus monkeys.  Dig Dis and Sci 21:1020-1028, 1976.

 

  9.      Dajani EZ, Callison DA: Gastric antisecretory actions of

           15(S) 15-methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester and natural prostaglandin E2 in rhesus monkeys. Prostaglandins 11:799-808, 1976.

 

 10.     Dajani EZ, Driskill DR, Bianchi RG, Collins PW, Pappo R: SC-29333, a potent inhibitor of canine gastric secretion.  Dig Dis Sci 21:1049-1057, 1976.

 

 11.     Mackerer CR, Clay GA, Dajani EZ: Loperamide binding to opiate receptor sites of brain and myenteric plexus.  J Pharmacol Exp Therap 199:131-140, 1976.

 

 12.     Dajani EZ, Rozek LF, Sanner JH, Miyano M: Synthesis and biological evaluation of W-homologues of prostaglandin E1.  J Med Chem 19:1007-1010, 1976.

  

13.      Adelstein GW, Yen CH, Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG: 3,3-Diphenyl-3 (2-alkyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl) propylcycloalkylamines: A novel series of anti-diarrheal agents.  J Med Chem 19:1221-1225, 1976.

 

 14.     Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG, East PF, Bloss JL, Adelstein GW, Yen CH: The pharmacology of SC-27166: A novel anti-diarrheal agent.  J Pharmacol Exp Therap 203:512-526, 1977.

 

15.      Dajani EZ, Driskill DR: Effects of 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid (7-OPyA) and prostaglandin E1 methyl ester on canine gastric secretion.  Prostaglandins 14:659-665, 1977.

 

 16.     Collins PW, Dajani EZ, Driskill DR, Bruhn MS, Jung CJ, Pappo R: Synthesis and gastric antisecretory properties of 15-deoxy,         16-hydroxy E-prostaglandin analogs.  J Med Chem 20:1152-1159, 1977.

 

 17.     Mackerer CR, Brougham LR, East PF, Bloss JL, Dajani EZ, Clay GA: The binding of SC-27166 [2-[3,3-diphenyl-3-(2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propyl]-azabicyclo [2.2.2] Octane], a new antidiarrheal agent, to opiate receptor sites of brain and myenteric plexus.  J Pharmacol Exp Therap 203:527-538, 1977.

 

 18.     Dajani EZ, Callison DA, Bertermann RE: Effects of E-prostaglandins on canine gastric potential difference.  Dig Dis Sci 23:436-442, 1978.

 

 19.     Dajani EZ, Callison DA, Bianchi RG: Gastric antisecretory effects of propantheline bromide and metiamide in rhesus monkeys. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap 234:107-117, 1978.

 

 20.     Dajani EZ, Driskill D: Effect of oral and intravenous propantheline bromide on pentagastrin-stimulated canine gastric secretion.  Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap 233:243-250, 1978.

 

 21.     Colton DG, Driskill DR, Phillips EL, Poy P, Dajani EZ: Effect of SC-29333, an inhibitor of gastric secretion, on canine gastric mucosal blood flow and serum gastrin levels.  Arch Int Pharmacodyn et Therap 236:86-95, 1978.

 

 22.     Dajani EZ, Bertermann, RE, Roge EAW, Schweingruber FL, Woods EM: Canine gastrointestinal motility effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha in vivo.  Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap 237:16-24, 1979.

 

 23.     Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG, Calhoun DW: Synergistic actions of propantheline bromide with cimetidine and thiopropazate hydrochloride in the prevention of stress ulcer formation in rats.  J  Pharmacol Exp Therap 210:373-377, 1979.

 

 24.     Colton DG, Callison DA, Dajani EZ: Effects of prostaglandin E1 derivative, SC-29333, and aspirin on gastric ionic fluxes and potential difference in dogs.  J Pharmacol Exp Therap 210:283-288, 1979.

 

  25.     Dajani EZ, Woods EM, Roge EAW, Bertermann RE, Schweingruber FL: Naloxone reversal of drug-induced diarrhea in mice.  Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap 240:340-350, 1979.

 

 26.     Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG, Casler JJ, Weet JF: Gastric antiulcer and antisecretory effect of carbenoxolone, aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone in rats.  Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap  242:128-138, 1979.

 

 27.     Gullikson GW, Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG: Inhibition of intestinal secretion in the dog: A new approach for the management of diarrheal states.  J Pharmacol Exp Therap 219:591-597, 1981.

 

 28.     Dajani EZ, Driskill DR, Bianchi RG, Phillips EL, Woods EM, Colton DG, Collins PW, Pappo R: Effect of prostaglandin analogue, SC-30249, on canine gastric secretion.  Drug Dev Res 3:339-347, 1983.

 

 29.     Collins PW, Dajani EZ, Pappo R, Gasiecki AF, Bianchi RG, Woods EM: Synthesis and gastric antisecretory properties of 4,5 unsaturated derivatives of 15-deoxy-16-hydroxy-16-methyl prostaglandin E1.  J Med Chem 26:786-790, 1983.

 

 30.     Dajani EZ, Nissen CA: Investigations of the gastrointestinal cytoprotective effects of misoprostol: Clinical efficacy overview.          Dig Dis Sci 30:194S-200S, 1985.

 

 31.     Collins PW, Pappo R, Dajani EZ: Chemistry and synthetic development of misoprostol.  Dig Dis Sci 30:114S-117S, 1985.

 

 32.     Sontag SJ, Mazure PA, Pontes JF, Beker SG, Dajani EZ: Misoprostol in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: A multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.  Dig Dis and Sci 30:159S-163S, 1985.

 

 33.     Agrawal NM, Saffouri B, Kruss DM, Callison DA, Dajani EZ: Healing benign gastric ulcer: A placebo-controlled comparison of two misoprostol dosage regimens.  A synthetic analog of prostaglandin E1.  Dig Dis Sci 30:164S-170S, 1985.

 

 34.     McGuigan JE, Chang Y, Dajani EZ: Effect of misoprostol, an antiulcer prostaglandin, on serum gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer.  Dig Dis Sci 31:120S-125S, 1986.

 

 35.     Dajani EZ: Is peptic ulcer a prostaglandin deficiency disease? An editorial.  Human Pathology 17:106-107, 1986.

 

 36.     Agrawal NM, Godiwala T, Arimura A, Dajani EZ: Cytoprotection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage by a synthetic prostaglandin: A double blind endoscopic study in human subjects.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 32:67-70, 1986.

 

 37.      Dajani EZ: Prostaglandins, ASA and mucosal damage.  Arzneim Forsch/Drug Research 36:1150-1151, 1986.

 

 38.     Gullikson GW, Anglin C, Kessler L, Smeach S, Bauer R, Dajani EZ: Misoprostol attenuates aspirin-induced changes in potential difference and associated damage in canine Heidenhain pouches.  Clinical Invest Med. 10: 145-151, 1987.

 

 39.     Bertaccini G, Dajani E, Paoletti R, Watkinson G: Prostaglandins in gastroenterology--Focus on Misoprostol--Forward.  Prostaglandins 33 (Suppl.): 1, 1987.

 

 40.     Dajani EZ: Perspective on the gastric antisecretory effects of misoprostol in man.  Prostaglandins 33 (Suppl.): 68-77, 1987.

 

 41.     Reimann HJ, Lewin T. Schmidt U, Wendt P, Blueml G, Dajani EZ: Misoprostol prevents damage to the gastric mucosa by stabilizing the mast cells.  Prostaglandins 33 (Suppl.):105-116, 1987.

 

 42.     Dajani EZ: Overview of the mucosal protective effects of misoprostol in man.  Prostaglandins 33 (Suppl.):117-129, 1987.

 

 43.     Godiwala T, Agrawal NM, Groot K, Arimura, Dajani EZ: Is cytoprotection by misoprostol against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in man mediated by somatostatin?  Prostaglandins 33 (Suppl.):130-131, 1987.

 

 44.     Davis GR, Fordtran JS, Dajani EZ: Dose-response, meal-stimulated gastric antisecretory study of prostaglandin E1 analog, misoprostol, in man.  Dig Dis Sci 33:298-302, 1988.

 

 45.     Agrawal NM, Godiwala T, Arimura A, Groot K, Dajani EZ: Protective effects against alcohol insult: Does somatostatin play any role?  Post Graduate Medical Journal 64 (Suppl. 1):15-18, 1988.

 

 46.     Dajani EZ: Prostaglandins: Pharmacology, mechanism and applications in peptic ulcer disease.  Chinese J Clin Pharmacol 5 (2):102-117, 1989.

 

 47.     Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: Protective and therapeutic effects of prostaglandins.  Clin Pharmacol Res 9(6): 359-369, 1989.

 

 48.     Agrawal NM, Dajani EZ: Treatment and prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury.  Clin Pharmacol Res 9 (6): 347-357, 1989.

 

 49.     Dajani EZ: Mucosal defense and concept of cytoprotection.  An Editorial.  Modern Pathology 3:3-4, 1990.

 

 50.     Agrawal NM, Dajani EZ: Options in the treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal mucosal damage.  J Rheumatology 17 (Suppl): 7-11, 1990.

 

 51.     Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal damage in the elderly: Pathogenesis and therapeutic considerations.  Internal Medicine for the Specialist 11 (9): 91-110, 1990.

 

 52.     Dajani EZ, Wilson DM, Agrawal NM: Prostaglandins: An overview of the worldwide clinical experience.  J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 2:23-25, 1991.

 

 53.     Dajani EZ, Penin VA, Sokolov LK, Vahtangishvilli R, Bogdanov A, Afonskaya N. Ivanishvilli L, Zharova Y., Efremova I: Misoprostol and dalargin for the in-patient treatment of duodenal ulcer in the U.S.S.R.  J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 2:18-22, 1991.

 

 54.     Dajani EZ: Review of book entitled "Clinical Investigation of gastric function."  Gastroenterology 100:1478-1479, 1991.

 

 55.     Agrawal NM, Patel R, Mahatma M, Dajani EZ: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective study.  J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 2:64-66, 1991.

 

 56.     Dajani EZ: Misoprostol: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action.  Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 1:97-106, 1991.

 

 57.     Mahatma M. Agrawal N, Dajani EZ, Nelson S, Nakamura C, Sitton J: Misoprostol but not antacid prevents endotoxin-induced gastric mucosal injury: Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.  Dig Dis Sci 36:1562-1568, 1991.

 

 58.     Dajani EZ, Straus E: Editorial Overview.  In:  Updates in Acid Peptic Disorders.  Eds.  Dajani EZ, Straus EW: A special edition of the J Assoc Acad Minority Physicians 3:69, 1992.

 

 59.     Dajani EZ, Trotman BW: Drugs for the treatment of peptic ulcers.  In:  Updates in Acid Peptic Disorders. Eds. Dajani EZ, Straus EW: A special edition of the J Assoc Academic Mino Physicians 3:78-88, 1992.

 

60.           Arakawa T, Kobayashi K, Dajani EZ: Refractory peptic ulcers.  In: Updates in Acid Peptic Disorders.  Eds. Dajani EZ, Straus EW: A Special edition of the J Association for Academic Minority Physicians 3: 95-102, 1992.

 

61.           Agrawal NW, Dajani EZ: Prevention and treatment of ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Assoc Acad Minority Physicians 3: 142-148, 1992.

 

62.      Larsen KR, Dajani EZ, Ives MM: Anti-ulcer drugs and gastric mucosal injury: Effects of  misoprostol, 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 and cimetidine on hemodynamics and metabolic rate in the canine gastric mucosa.  Dig Dis Sci 37: 1029-1038, 1992.

 

 63.     Dajani EZ, Wang B, Pei Y, Pan G, Chen S, Zheng Z, Li Y, Zhu W, Wang J, Yuan S, Yu Y, Yao ZJ: Misoprostol in the treatment of duodenal ulcers in the People's Republic of China: A comparative, double-blind multicenter study.  Drug Development Research 27: 415-423, 1992.

 

 64.     Dajani EZ: Omega-3 fatty acids and bowel cancer. Gastroenterology 104:1239-1240, 1993.

 

 65.     Dajani EZ: Future treatment of peptic ulcer: Is there room for the anti-infective drugs?  An editorial. J Physiology and Pharmacology 44:3-6, 1993.

 

 66.     Juhl CO, Vinter-Jensen L, Jensen LS, Nexo E, Djurhuus JC, Dajani EZ: Systemic treatment with recombinant human epidermal growth factor accelerates healing of sclerotherapy-induced esophageal ulcers and prevents esophageal stricture formations in pigs.  Dig Dis Sci 39: 2671-2678, 1994.

 

 67.     Juhl CO, Vinter-Jensen L, Jensen LS, Nexo E, Djurhuus JC, Dajani EZ: Biomechanical properties of the oesophagus damaged by sclerotherapy: An impedance planimetric study in minipigs.  Scand J Gastroenterol 29: 867-873, 1994.

 

 68.     Vinter-Jensen L, Frokiaer J, Jorgensen PE, Marqversen J, Rehling M, Dajani EZ, Nexo E: Tissue distribution of 131-I-labelled epidermal growth factor in pig visualized by dynamic scintigraphy.  J Endocrinology 144: 5-12, 1995.

 

 69.     Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: Prevention on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal ulcers: Role of mucosal protective and gastric anti-secretory drugs.  Digestive Diseases 12 (Suppl 1): 46-61, 1995.

 

 70.     Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: Prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers: An update. J Physiol Pharmacol 46: 3-16, 1995.

 

 71.     Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Eika B, Gregersen H, Dajani EZ: Epidermal growth factor attenuates the sclerotherapy associated biomechanical properties of the oesophagus: An experimental study in minipigs.  Scand J Gastroenterol 30: 614-619, 1995.

 

 72.     Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Rehfeld JF, Poulsen SS, Dajani EZ, Nexo E: Chronic treatment with epidermal growth factor induces hypergastrinemia in pigs.  Scand J Gastroenterol 30: 422-427, 1995. 

 

 73.     Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Djurhuus JC, Dajani EZ, Teglbjaerg PS, Uvelius, Nexo E: Ureteric growth in Gottingen minipig induced by epidermal growth factor. A case report. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 172: 109-115, 1995.

 

74.      Juhl CO, Vinter-Jensen L, Jensen LS, Dajani EZ, Nexo E: Preventive effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor on the esophageal epithelium in pigs subjected to sclerotherapy.  Europ J Hepatol Gastroentero l 7: 823-828, 1995.

 

 75.     Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Djurhuus JC, Poulson SS, Dajani EZ, Brown KD, Orntoft TF, Teglbjaerg PS, Nexo E: Chronic Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor in pigs causes pronounced urothelial growth with accumulation of glycoconjugates.  Am J Pathol 147: 1330-1338, 1995.

 

76.      Juhl CO, Vinter-Jensen L, Myhre-Jensen O, Jensen LS, Dajani EZ: Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor in pigs induces anemia in Gottington pigs. Clinical Sciences 89: 453-458, 1995.

 

77.             Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Poulsen SS, Djurhuus JC, Dajani EZ, Nexo E: Chronic administration of epidermal growth factor to pigs induces growth especially of the urinary tract with accumulation of epithelial glycoconjugates. Lab Invest 73: 788-793, 1995.

 

78.             Juhl CO, Vinter-Jensen L, Poulsen SS, Orntoft TF, Dajani EZ: Chronic treatment with epidermal growth factor causes esophageal hyperplasia in pigs and rats. Dig Dis Sci  40: 2717-2723, 1995.

 

79.      Dajani EZ: Prostaglandins, NSAIDs and gastrointestinal mucosal injury: Can we identify patients at risk of NSAID-induced gastric injury? An Editroial. Am J Gastroenterol 91   (5): 835-836, 1996.

 

80.            Vega KJ, Bollu J, Dajani EZ, Trotman BW: Idiopathic esophageal ulceration in HIV patients. J Assoc Acad Min Phycians 74 (4): 93-98, 1996.

 

81.      Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Frystyk J, Dajani EZ,

            Oksbjerg N,   FlyvbergN: The effects of  epidermal growth  

             factor  (EGF) on circulating levels on insulin like growth factor

             I(IGF-I)  and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in adult Goettingen

              minipigs. J Endocrinol 151: 401-  407, 1996.

 

82.      Gregersen H, Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Dajani EZ: Impedance planimetric characterization of distal esophagus in the Goettingen minipigs. J Biomech 29: 63-68, 1996.

 

83.             Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Dajani EZ, Nielsen M, Djurhuus JC: Chronic systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor induces smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the urinary tract of mature Goettingen minipigs. British J Urology 79: 532-538, 1997.

 

84.             Vinter-Jensen L, Juhl CO, Stubbe P, Poulsen SS, Nexo E: Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor in pigs induces induces ductal proliferations in the pancreas. Gastroenterology 113: 1367-1374, 1997.

 

85.      Dajani EZ: Gastrointestinal Toxicity of over-the-

           counter analgesics. An  Editorial.  Am J Gastroenterol 93(7):

            1020-1022, 1998.

 

86.             Larsen KR, Dajani EZ, Dajani NE, Dayton MT, Moore JG:

            Effects of   tolcapone, a catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor, 

            and Sinemet on intestinal electrolyte and fluid transport in  

            conscious dogs. Dig Dis Sci 43(8): 1806-1813, 1998.

 

87.            Adeoti AG, Vega KJ, Dajani EZ, Trotman BW, Kloser PC: Idiopathic esophageal ulcerations in HIV infected patients.  Successful treatment with misoprostol and viscous Lidocaine. Am J Gastroenterol 93(11): 2069-2074, 1998.  

 

88.          Dajani EZ, Larsen KR, Taylor J, Dajani NE, Shahwan TG, Neeleman SD, Taylor MS, Dayton  MT, Mir GN: CT-3 [1’1’-dimethyl-heptyl-Delta-8-THC-11-oic acid]: A novel, orally effective cannabinoid with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. J Pharmacol Exp Therap 291: 31-38, 1999.

 

89.         Dajani EZ: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Pathophysiological and pharmacological considerations. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 11: 7-11, 2000.

 

90.         Trotman BW, Boyce JG, Dajani EZ, Kamholz SL, Rayford PL, Scott VF: Highlights of the 13th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 11: 3-5, 2000.

 

91.          Dajani EZ, Klamut M: Therapeutic approaches for gastric and duodenal ulcers: An update. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 90: 1537-1544, 2000.

 

92.          Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: Selective COX-2 inhibitors and gastrointestinal mucosal injury: Pharmacological and therapeutic considerations. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 11: 28-31, 2000.

 

93.          Trotman BW, Boyce JG, Dajani EZ, Davidson EC, Scott VF: Highlights of the 14th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians, 2000. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 12: 95-97, 2001.

 

94.          Dajani EZ, Shahwan TG, Dajani, NE: Statins, platelet aggregation and coronary heart     disease. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 13: 27-31, 2002.

 

95.          Trotman BW, Scott VF, Dajani EZ, Davidson EC, Kamholz SL: Highlights of the 15th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians, 2001. J Assoc Acad Min Physicians 13: 6-8, 2002.

 

96.     Dajani EZ, Shahwan T, Dajani NE: Prostaglandins and brain-gut axis. J Physiology and Pharmacology 54:155-164,2003.

 

97.     Dajani EZ, Konturek SJ: Brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal system: Concluding remarks. J Physiology and Pharmacology 54:3-9,2003. 

 

 

98.      Dajani EZ, Dajani ME: Are U.S. cosmetic regulatory policies keeping consumers safe? Update. Food and Drug Laws 6: ( November/Deceber):22-24, 2005.

 

 

99.          Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM: NSAIDs, H. pylori and gastrointestinal   ulceration. Medical Science Monitor (In Press).

 

 

 

 

IDDC Corporation

1549 Chickamauga Lane

Long Grove, Illinois 60647-9532

Phone: 847-634-9586

Fax: 773-477-5736

                                      E-mail: EsamD@aol.com &  EsamD@comcast.net

 

 

 
 

Home Page | About Us | Search | Contact Us | Services | Publications/Presentations | Positions Held | Graduate Teaching Experience | Professional Memberships/Societies | Education | Links | Litigation | Presentations | Privacy Policy/HIPPA | Forensic Services | Why Use IDDC Corporation?